Vectors in C ++ are an alternative to the standard dynamic array for which the memory is allocated manually, using the new operator.
Language developers recommend using vectors instead of the manual memory allocation for the array. This helps to avoid memory leaks and facilitates the work of programmers.
Example of creating a vector
[code language=”cpp”]
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
int main()
{
// vector with 10 int elements
std::vector<int> v1(10);
// vector with unknown number of float elements
std::vector<float> v2;
// vector with 10 int numbers with the value of 0
std::vector<int> v3(10, 0);
return 0;
}
[/code]
Operations with vector elements
Let’s create a vector which will contain the arbitrary number names of students.
[code language=”cpp”]
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
int main()
{
// string vector
std::vector<std::string> students;
// input buffer
std::string buffer = "";
std::cout << "Input the names of students\n"
<< "When you are done input the empty string" << std::endl; do { std::getline(std::cin, buffer); if (buffer.size() > 0) {
// pushing elements into the vector
students.push_back(buffer);
}
} while (buffer != "");
// save the size of the vector
unsigned int vector_size = students.size();
// output the vector to the screen
std::cout << "Your vector: " << std::endl;
for (int i = 0; i < vector_size; i++) {
std::cout << students[i] << std::endl;
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
[/code]
The result of the program:
Vector methods:
To add a new item to the end of the vector, use the push_back() method. The number of elements is determined by the size() method. To access the elements of a vector, you can use square brackets [], as well as for ordinary arrays.
pop_back () – remove the last element
clear () – remove all elements of a vector
empty () – check for emptiness
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