JavaScript Samples: Variables in JavaScript

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Depending on the reason for the creation of your script, you will need to work with the information.

If you are making an Internet shop, you will work with the goods and the basket. If you create the chat, you will have visitors, messages and so on.

To store information, the variables are used.

Variable

The variable consists of a name and a dedicated memory which corresponds to it. To declare or, in other words, to create a variable, the keyword “var” is used:

[code language=”javascript”]
var message;
[/code]

After the declaration, you can write the data in the variable:

[code language=”javascript”]
var message;
message = ‘Hello’; // save a string in the variable
[/code]

This data will be stored in the corresponding memory area and available in the future:

[code language=”javascript”]
var message;
message = ‘Hello!’;
alert (message); // Displays the contents of a variable
[/code]

You can combine the declaration of the variable and writing the data into it:

[code language=”javascript”]
var message = ‘Hello!’;
It is possible to declare several variables at once:
var user = ‘John’, age = 25, message = ‘Hello’;
[/code]

Variable names

There are two restrictions for variable names in Javascript:

1. The name can consist of letters, numbers, symbols, and $ _
2. The first character must not be a digit.

For example:

[code language=”javascript”]
var myName;
var test123;
Such symbols as “$” or “_” are considered to be usual, like letters:
var $ = 1;
var _ = 2;

alert( $ + _ ); // 3
And such variables will be incorrect:
var 1a; // starts with a number

var my-name; //’-‘ is restricted
Constants
A constant is a value that never changes. They are usually called capitalized:
var COLOR_RED = "#F00";
var COLOR_GREEN = "#0F0";
var COLOR_BLUE = "#00F";
var COLOR_ORANGE = "#FF7F00";

var color = COLOR_ORANGE;
alert( color ); // #FF7F00
[/code]

Technically, the constant is a usual variable and it can be changed. We just agree not to do that.

1. COLOR_ORANGE is an understandable name. Using #FF7F00 is more complicated.
2. It is much more simple to make a typo in such a string as #FF7F00. In COLOR_ORANGE it would be easier to notice.

Total

In JavaScript, you can declare variables to store data. This is done using the var.

Technically, you can simply write the value of the variable and without declaration, but this is not recommended for several reasons.

Variables which are named CAPITALIZED are constants and never change. Usually, they are used for convenience.